For every condition, a guide you can check.

Prefer a plain alphabetical list? Browse every condition guide A to Z.

• Endocrine

  Type 2 diabetes

  How insulin resistance develops, daily targets, and the latest treatments worth knowing about.

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• Endocrine

  Type 1 diabetes

  An autoimmune condition that requires lifelong insulin: what causes it and how it is managed.

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• Mental health

  Anxiety

  When everyday worry becomes an anxiety disorder, and the treatments with the strongest evidence.

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• Mental health

  Depression

  What works, what doesn't, and what's changing in the treatment of major depressive disorder.

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• Mental health

  ADHD

  Adult and childhood ADHD: symptoms beyond attention, modern diagnosis, and management options.

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• Heart & circulation

  High blood pressure

  Why it matters even without symptoms, target ranges, and lifestyle changes that genuinely help.

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• Heart & circulation

  Atrial fibrillation

  A complete patient guide to AF: diagnosis, modern treatment, and life with an irregular rhythm.

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• Heart & circulation

  Stroke

  The FAST signs, time-critical treatment, and what recovery looks like in the days and months after.

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• Urinary

  Bladder cancer

  Blood in the urine, cystoscopy and the modern staging pathway for bladder cancer.

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• Respiratory

  Bronchiectasis

  A chronic airway condition: what causes it, why it matters, and how it is managed long-term.

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• Respiratory

  Chronic fatigue / ME

  ME/CFS: the current diagnostic criteria, pacing, and what specialist services can offer.

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• Respiratory

  Asthma

  Modern inhaler therapy, peak flow tracking, and the new biologics that change severe asthma.

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• Skin

  Hair loss (alopecia)

  Pattern hair loss, telogen effluvium and alopecia areata: what each looks like and what helps.

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• Skin

  Eczema

  Atopic dermatitis through the life-course: daily care, flare management, and newer treatments.

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• Bones & joints

  Arthritis

  Osteo, rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis: how they differ and how they are treated today.

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• Endocrine

  Hypothyroidism

  An underactive thyroid: symptoms, blood tests, levothyroxine, and life on replacement therapy.

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• Women's health

  PCOS

  Polycystic ovary syndrome: diagnosis criteria, hormonal management, and fertility considerations.

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• Women's health

  Endometriosis

  A complete guide to a commonly missed condition: diagnosis, pain management and surgery.

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• Women's health

  Menopause

  Perimenopause through to post-menopause: HRT, alternatives and looking after long-term health.

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• Cancer

  Cervical cancer

  HPV, screening, colposcopy and modern treatment pathways for cervical cancer.

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• Brain & nerves

  Migraine

  Beyond just a headache: triggers, the new CGRP medications and how to track your pattern.

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• Digestive

  IBS

  Irritable bowel syndrome: types, the low-FODMAP approach and when it is something else.

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• Digestive

  Crohn's disease

  A chronic inflammatory bowel condition: diagnosis, biologics and living well long-term.

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• Digestive

  Acid reflux & GERD

  When heartburn becomes a medical condition: lifestyle changes, PPIs and when to escalate.

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• Sleep

  Sleep apnoea

  How it disrupts sleep without you knowing, the testing process, and CPAP versus alternatives.

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• Sleep

  Insomnia

  Acute and chronic insomnia: the role of CBT-I, sleep hygiene and where medication still fits.

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• Heart & circulation

  Heart failure

  When the heart cannot pump enough blood: modern staging, medications and lifestyle levers.

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• Heart & circulation

  Angina

  Stable and unstable angina - how to tell them apart and the modern investigation pathway.

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• Heart & circulation

  Peripheral arterial disease

  Leg pain on walking that signals underlying atherosclerosis - diagnosis and treatment.

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• Heart & circulation

  Deep vein thrombosis

  DVT and pulmonary embolism: risk factors, testing and modern anticoagulation.

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• Heart & circulation

  Varicose veins

  When cosmetic becomes medical: symptoms, duplex ultrasound and NICE-aligned treatment.

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• Heart & circulation

  High cholesterol

  Cholesterol beyond total: LDL, ApoB, Lp(a) and the modern approach to lowering CV risk.

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• Heart & circulation

  Valvular heart disease

  From murmur to TAVI: how heart-valve disease is investigated and managed today.

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• Respiratory

  COPD

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: diagnosis, inhalers, exacerbations and long-term care.

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• Respiratory

  Hay fever

  Seasonal allergic rhinitis: what actually helps, and when to consider immunotherapy.

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• Respiratory

  Pneumonia

  Community-acquired pneumonia: red flags, antibiotics, and when you need hospital care.

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• Respiratory

  Chronic cough

  A cough lasting more than 8 weeks: the three big causes and a structured work-up.

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• Digestive

  Ulcerative colitis

  Inflammatory bowel disease affecting the large bowel: diagnosis, biologics and long-term care.

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• Digestive

  Coeliac disease

  Autoimmune gluten intolerance: correct testing, biopsy, and lifelong gluten-free management.

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• Digestive

  Gallstones

  Silent, symptomatic and complicated gallstones - imaging, ERCP and cholecystectomy.

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• Digestive

  Diverticulitis

  When diverticular disease flares: antibiotics, imaging and when surgery is warranted.

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• Digestive

  Gastritis

  Inflammation of the stomach lining: H. pylori, medications and long-term prevention.

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• Digestive

  Haemorrhoids

  Grades, red flags to exclude cancer, and modern office-based treatment options.

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• Digestive

  Fatty liver disease (MASLD)

  The most common liver disease in the UK: FibroScan, lifestyle and new pharmacotherapies.

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• Endocrine

  Hyperthyroidism

  Overactive thyroid: Graves disease, nodules, and the three main treatment routes.

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• Endocrine

  Pre-diabetes

  The HbA1c 42-47 window: a reversible risk state with a clear evidence-based programme.

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• Endocrine

  Adrenal insufficiency

  Primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency - diagnosis, replacement and sick-day rules.

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• Brain & nerves

  Parkinson's disease

  Motor and non-motor features, modern medication and multidisciplinary care.

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• Brain & nerves

  Epilepsy

  Types of seizures, first-line medications, driving rules and living well with epilepsy.

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• Brain & nerves

  Multiple sclerosis

  Relapsing-remitting and progressive MS: diagnosis, disease-modifying therapy, symptom care.

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• Brain & nerves

  Dementia & Alzheimer's

  Types, early signs, memory-clinic pathway, and the emerging disease-modifying treatments.

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• Brain & nerves

  Tension-type headache

  The most common headache pattern: differentiating from migraine and simple management.

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• Bones & joints

  Osteoarthritis (hip & knee)

  Wear-and-tear joint disease: exercise, weight, injections, and modern joint replacement.

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• Bones & joints

  Rheumatoid arthritis

  Autoimmune joint disease: early diagnosis, DMARDs, biologics and living well long-term.

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• Bones & joints

  Gout

  Acute flares, urate-lowering therapy and the diet myths - evidence-based approach.

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• Bones & joints

  Osteoporosis

  Bone-thinning silently until a fracture: DEXA, medications and prevention strategies.

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• Bones & joints

  Fibromyalgia

  Chronic widespread pain: modern understanding, multidisciplinary care and pacing.

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• Bones & joints

  Chronic back pain

  When back pain lasts >12 weeks: imaging (or not), rehab, injections and surgery decisions.

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• Mental health

  Bipolar disorder

  Type I and type II: how it presents, medication, and how to spot early signs of relapse.

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• Mental health

  PTSD

  Post-traumatic stress disorder: trauma-focused CBT, EMDR and specialist care.

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• Mental health

  OCD

  Obsessive-compulsive disorder: ERP therapy, medication and evidence-based recovery.

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• Mental health

  Eating disorders

  Anorexia, bulimia and binge-eating disorder: specialist pathways and family support.

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• Skin

  Psoriasis

  A chronic autoimmune skin condition: topicals, phototherapy and modern biologics.

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• Skin

  Acne

  Modern acne care: topical retinoids, oral options and when to consider isotretinoin.

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• Skin

  Rosacea

  The four subtypes, trigger management and evidence-based treatments (including lasers).

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• Ear, nose & throat

  Tinnitus

  Ringing or buzzing in the ears: causes, sound-therapy and CBT-based management.

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• Ear, nose & throat

  BPPV (benign vertigo)

  Position-triggered vertigo: the Epley manoeuvre and when to look for another cause.

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• Ear, nose & throat

  Chronic sinusitis

  Chronic rhinosinusitis with and without polyps - medical management and FESS surgery.

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• Urinary

  Prostate enlargement (BPH)

  Benign prostatic hyperplasia: LUTS, medications and modern minimally-invasive surgery.

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• Urinary

  Recurrent UTIs

  When UTIs keep coming back: investigations, prophylaxis and non-antibiotic strategies.

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• Urinary

  Chronic kidney disease

  CKD stages, monitoring and the medications now proven to slow progression.

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• Cancer

  Prostate cancer

  Screening, mpMRI-first diagnosis, and modern treatment options across all risk groups.

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• Cancer

  Colorectal cancer

  Symptoms, screening (FIT), diagnosis, and stage-based treatment in 2026.

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• Cancer

  Melanoma & skin cancer

  Melanoma vs BCC vs SCC: what to notice, dermoscopy diagnosis, and modern immunotherapy.

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• Women's health

  Uterine fibroids

  Benign uterine muscle tumours: symptoms, medical treatment, and modern surgical options.

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• Women's health

  Ovarian cysts

  Simple, complex and functional ovarian cysts - when to watch and when to treat.

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• Heart & circulation

  Aortic aneurysm

  Abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysms - screening, surveillance and endovascular repair.

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• Heart & circulation

  Cardiomyopathy

  Hypertrophic, dilated and restrictive cardiomyopathies - diagnosis, genetics and modern treatment.

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• Heart & circulation

  SVT (supraventricular tachycardia)

  Fast, regular palpitations - vagal manoeuvres, medications and curative ablation.

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• Heart & circulation

  Raynaud’s phenomenon

  Cold, colour-changing fingers - primary vs secondary Raynaud’s and treatment.

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• Respiratory

  Bronchiectasis

  Chronic dilated airways with recurrent infection - CT diagnosis, physiotherapy and long-term care.

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• Respiratory

  Pulmonary fibrosis

  Interstitial lung disease with scarring - HRCT, antifibrotics and specialist ILD care.

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• Respiratory

  Sarcoidosis

  A multisystem granulomatous disease - pulmonary and extrapulmonary features and modern treatment.

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• Respiratory

  Long COVID

  Post-COVID symptoms lasting more than 12 weeks - multidisciplinary assessment and pacing.

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• Digestive

  Crohn’s disease

  A chronic inflammatory bowel condition - biologics, small molecules and long-term care.

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• Digestive

  Pancreatitis

  Acute and chronic pancreatitis - causes, imaging, EUS and specialist HPB care.

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• Digestive

  Hiatus hernia

  Sliding and paraoesophageal hiatus hernias - reflux management and modern surgery.

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• Digestive

  Barrett’s oesophagus

  Metaplasia of the lower oesophagus - surveillance and endoscopic treatment of dysplasia.

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• Digestive

  Hepatitis B and C

  Chronic viral hepatitis - modern antivirals mean cure is possible for most patients.

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• Endocrine

  Cushing’s syndrome

  Cortisol excess - diagnosis and treatment of ACTH-dependent and independent Cushing’s.

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• Endocrine

  Hyperparathyroidism

  Primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism - imaging, biochemistry and parathyroidectomy.

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• Endocrine

  Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

  The autoimmune cause of most hypothyroidism - antibodies, monitoring and long-term care.

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• Brain & nerves

  Essential tremor

  The most common movement disorder - differentiating from Parkinson’s and modern treatment.

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• Brain & nerves

  Restless legs syndrome

  The urge to move the legs at rest - iron, dopamine agonists and gabapentin.

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• Brain & nerves

  Trigeminal neuralgia

  Sudden, shock-like facial pain - MRI, carbamazepine and neurosurgical options.

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• Brain & nerves

  Cluster headache

  The most severe primary headache - high-flow oxygen, triptans and preventive treatment.

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• Brain & nerves

  Sciatica

  Radicular leg pain from lumbar nerve root - natural history, imaging and stepwise treatment.

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• Bones & joints

  Ankylosing spondylitis

  Axial spondyloarthritis - MRI diagnosis, biologics and posture-focused rehab.

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• Bones & joints

  Psoriatic arthritis

  Arthritis in psoriasis patients - early treatment prevents joint damage.

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• Bones & joints

  Systemic lupus (SLE)

  Multisystem autoimmune disease - hydroxychloroquine, immunosuppression and modern biologics.

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• Bones & joints

  Sjögren’s syndrome

  Autoimmune dry eyes and mouth - with systemic features to watch for.

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• Bones & joints

  Giant cell arteritis

  Vasculitis of the temporal arteries - a same-day steroid emergency to protect vision.

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• Bones & joints

  Plantar fasciitis

  The most common cause of heel pain - rehab, orthoses, shockwave and injections.

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• Mental health

  ME/CFS (chronic fatigue)

  Myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome - the current NICE-aligned approach.

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• Mental health

  Adult autism

  Recognising autism in adults - assessment, diagnosis and neuroaffirmative care.

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• Mental health

  Borderline personality disorder

  A treatable condition - DBT, mentalisation-based therapy and specialist support.

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• Mental health

  Postnatal depression

  Mood disturbance after childbirth - perinatal mental-health team pathway and treatment.

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• Skin

  Urticaria (hives)

  Acute and chronic urticaria - antihistamines and biologics (omalizumab) for severe cases.

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• Skin

  Vitiligo

  Autoimmune loss of pigment - topical calcineurin inhibitors, phototherapy and new JAK creams.

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• Skin

  Hidradenitis suppurativa

  A commonly missed chronic skin condition - biologics have transformed care.

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• Skin

  Alopecia areata

  Autoimmune patchy hair loss - topical, intralesional and new oral JAK inhibitors.

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• Ear, nose & throat

  Ménière’s disease

  Vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus - the modern diagnostic and treatment pathway.

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• Ear, nose & throat

  Laryngitis (voice loss)

  Acute and chronic laryngitis - voice rest, reflux management and when to refer.

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• Ear, nose & throat

  Nosebleeds (epistaxis)

  Anterior and posterior nosebleeds - first aid, cautery and when to worry.

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• Urinary

  Erectile dysfunction

  A common condition with vascular, neural, hormonal and psychological components.

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• Urinary

  Urinary incontinence (women)

  Stress, urge and mixed incontinence - pelvic floor, medications and modern surgery.

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• Urinary

  Overactive bladder

  Urge, frequency and nocturia - bladder retraining, medications and Botox injections.

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• Eyes & vision

  Cataracts

  The most common age-related vision problem - modern day-case cataract surgery.

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• Eyes & vision

  Glaucoma

  Silent optic nerve damage - screening, drops, laser and modern MIGS surgery.

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• Eyes & vision

  Age-related macular degeneration

  Central vision loss - dry and wet AMD, anti-VEGF injections and lifestyle risk.

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• Eyes & vision

  Dry eye disease

  A common, often untreated cause of ocular discomfort - modern stepped management.

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• Eyes & vision

  Diabetic retinopathy

  The leading cause of blindness in working-age adults - screening, laser and anti-VEGF.

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• Women's health

  Uterovaginal prolapse

  Pelvic organ prolapse - pessaries, pelvic-floor physio and modern surgical repair.

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• Women's health

  HPV & abnormal smear

  HPV-positive results and abnormal cervical screening - colposcopy, LLETZ and follow-up.

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• Women's health

  Ectopic pregnancy

  A pregnancy outside the uterus - a medical emergency with a well-defined pathway.

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• Women's health

  Benign breast lumps

  Common benign breast lumps - fibroadenoma, cyst, fibrocystic - and triple-assessment.

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• Bones & joints

  Bunion (hallux valgus)

  Big-toe deformity - insoles, modern minimally invasive and scarf osteotomy correction.

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• Bones & joints

  Achilles tendinopathy

  Painful, degenerative Achilles - eccentric loading, shockwave and modern rehab.

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• Bones & joints

  Achilles tendon rupture

  Sudden calf pop - functional bracing vs surgical repair, and the modern rehab pathway.

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• Bones & joints

  Ankle sprain

  Lateral ligament sprain - Ottawa rules, rehab and preventing chronic instability.

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• Bones & joints

  Hallux rigidus

  Big-toe arthritis - carbon insoles, cheilectomy and arthrodesis (fusion).

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• Bones & joints

  Morton’s neuroma

  Third web-space nerve pain - ultrasound-guided injection, ablation and neurectomy.

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• Bones & joints

  Hammer, claw and mallet toe

  Lesser-toe deformities - insoles, PIP arthroplasty and arthrodesis.

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• Bones & joints

  Ankle arthritis

  Post-traumatic ankle arthritis - arthrodesis and total ankle replacement.

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• Bones & joints

  Adult flat foot / PTTD

  Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction - orthoses, tendon transfer and reconstruction.

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• Bones & joints

  Chronic ankle instability

  Recurrent sprains and giving way - rehab, bracing and Broström-Gould repair.

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• Bones & joints

  Metatarsalgia

  Pain under the ball of the foot - insoles, gait retraining and Weil osteotomy.

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• Bones & joints

  Tarsal tunnel syndrome

  Posterior tibial nerve entrapment - orthoses, injection and endoscopic decompression.

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• Bones & joints

  Osteochondral lesion of the talus

  Talar dome cartilage injury - microfracture, OATS and MACI cartilage grafting.

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• Bones & joints

  Haglund’s deformity (pump bump)

  Bony heel prominence - shockwave, heel lifts and endoscopic calcaneoplasty.

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• Bones & joints

  Sesamoiditis

  Inflammation of the big-toe sesamoids - offloading, MRI grading and sesamoidectomy.

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• Bones & joints

  Plantar plate tear

  The missed cause of crossover toe - MRI grading and plantar-plate repair.

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• Bones & joints

  Peroneal tendinopathy

  Lateral ankle tendon disease - bracing, shockwave and endoscopic tendoscopy.

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• Bones & joints

  Lisfranc injury

  Midfoot fracture-dislocation - the most missed foot injury; ORIF and arthrodesis.

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• Bones & joints

  Jones fracture (5th metatarsal)

  5th metatarsal fracture with high non-union risk - boot vs intramedullary screw.

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• Bones & joints

  Anterior ankle impingement

  Footballer’s ankle - physio, injections and arthroscopic osteophyte resection.

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• Bones & joints

  Posterior ankle impingement

  Dancer’s ankle / os trigonum syndrome - injection and endoscopic hindfoot debridement.

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• Bones & joints

  Cavus foot (pes cavus)

  High-arched foot - neurological screening, orthoses and joint-sparing reconstruction.

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• Bones & joints

  Calcaneal stress fracture

  Missed heel pain in runners and recruits - MRI diagnosis and structured return-to-run.

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• Bones & joints

  Metatarsal stress fracture

  The classic march fracture - MRI diagnosis and structured return-to-run.

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• Bones & joints

  Freiberg’s infraction

  Osteonecrosis of the 2nd metatarsal head - insoles and joint-sparing osteotomy.

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• Bones & joints

  Köhler’s disease

  Navicular osteonecrosis in children - a self-limiting paediatric condition.

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• Bones & joints

  Sever’s disease

  Calcaneal apophysitis - the commonest cause of heel pain in active children 8-14.

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• Bones & joints

  Accessory navicular

  Symptomatic accessory ossicle - orthoses, injection and the Kidner procedure.

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• Bones & joints

  Tailor’s bunion (bunionette)

  5th-metatarsal-head bunionette - wider shoes and distal chevron osteotomy.

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• Bones & joints

  Turf toe

  First-MTP plantar plate sprain - the missed sports injury of the big toe.

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• Bones & joints

  Capsulitis of the 2nd MTP

  The pre-crossover-toe warning stage - early treatment prevents deformity.

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• Bones & joints

  Ingrown toenail

  Wedge nail avulsion with matrix phenolisation - the definitive modern treatment.

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• Bones & joints

  The diabetic foot

  Neuropathy, ulcers and Charcot - the modern multidisciplinary pathway.

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• Bones & joints

  Charcot foot

  The missed limb-threatening emergency in diabetes - total contact cast and MDT.

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• Bones & joints

  Syndesmosis (high ankle sprain)

  High ankle sprain - TightRope, suture-button and screw fixation.

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• Bones & joints

  Peroneal tendon dislocation

  The classic snapping ankle - fibular groove-deepening with retinacular repair.

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• Bones & joints

  Tibialis anterior tendinopathy

  Missed anterior ankle pain and foot-drop - bracing, physio and tendon transfer.

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• Bones & joints

  FHL (dancer’s) tendinopathy

  Dancer’s tendinopathy - injection and endoscopic FHL release.

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• Bones & joints

  Tarsal coalition

  Congenital hindfoot fusion - CT diagnosis and arthroscopic-assisted resection.

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• Bones & joints

  Subtalar arthritis

  Post-traumatic hindfoot arthritis - bracing, injections and subtalar arthrodesis.

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• Bones & joints

  Midfoot arthritis

  Tarsometatarsal arthritis - carbon insoles, injections and selective TMT arthrodesis.

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• Bones & joints

  Equinus contracture (tight calf)

  Tight calf driving forefoot overload - stretching and gastrocnemius recession.

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