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Health condition

Bernard-Soulier and Glanzmann

Bernard-Soulier syndrome and Glanzmann thrombasthenia are rare inherited platelet disorders caused by missing surface receptors; both cause significant lifelong mucosal bleeding and need care coordinated through a specialist haemostasis centre.

Why trust this guide

  • 01

    Editorial team

    Written by our editorial team from the UK sources listed on each page.

  • 02

    Sourced from guidance

    Checked against current NHS and UK specialist society guidance at the time of review.

  • 03

    Current for 2026

    Reviewed on 2026-09-27 with the next review scheduled for 2027-09-27.

Key facts

The essentials at a glance.

The symptoms to recognise, when to seek help, which specialist to see, and what treatment usually involves.

  • Bernard-Soulier: missing GPIb receptor, large platelets and a low-normal count

  • Glanzmann: missing GPIIb/IIIa receptor, normal count but absent aggregation

  • Both present from childhood with nosebleeds, gum bleeding, bruising and heavy periods

  • Recombinant factor VIIa and HLA-matched platelets are key options for serious bleeding

Understanding the condition

What it is and what happens next.

What causes it, how it is diagnosed, and the treatment routes available in the UK.

What it is and how it feels

These two disorders bookend platelet biology. In Bernard-Soulier syndrome, platelets cannot grip von Willebrand factor at injury sites; in Glanzmann thrombasthenia, they grip but cannot link to one another, so no plug forms. Both are usually diagnosed in childhood after disproportionate bleeding, and both are lifelong conditions in which day-to-day severity varies more than the laboratory picture suggests.

Diagnosis and treatment routes

Adult care concentrates on planning: tranexamic acid as a workhorse, meticulous preparation for surgery and childbirth, and judicious use of platelet transfusion, balanced against the risk of developing antibodies that make future transfusions ineffective - the reason recombinant factor VIIa is often preferred in Glanzmann. Registration with a comprehensive care centre, and a written emergency plan, are the practical anchors. In many parts of the UK, routine NHS referrals for this kind of problem can take months, whereas an initial appointment with a private consultant is typically available within around two weeks.

Seeing a specialist

Who to see, and how quickly you can be seen.

The specialist for this condition is usually a consultant haematologist. Your GP can refer you on the NHS, or you can arrange a private consultation directly.

A quiet reminder

This guide is for information, not medical advice.

Your GP knows your history and can tell you which parts apply to you. If in doubt, see them - and seek urgent care for any of the emergency symptoms described above.

Frequently asked

Common questions about Bernard-Soulier and Glanzmann.

Quick, plain-English answers to what people ask us most.

  • What is bernard-Soulier and Glanzmann?

    Bernard-Soulier and Glanzmann is a recognised medical condition that can affect people in different ways, ranging from mild and easily managed to more significant, depending on the underlying cause, how early it is picked up, and how it is treated. Getting a clear diagnosis is usually the first step towards the right management plan.

  • What causes bernard-Soulier and Glanzmann?

    Bernard-Soulier and Glanzmann can arise from a combination of factors, which may include genetics, lifestyle, environmental exposures, other underlying health conditions, or simply the normal effects of ageing on the body. In many cases no single cause is found, and several factors act together. A clinician can help identify which factors are most relevant in an individual case.

  • What are the symptoms of bernard-Soulier and Glanzmann?

    Symptoms of bernard-Soulier and Glanzmann vary from person to person and depend on how severe the condition is and which structures are affected. Some people notice symptoms gradually over weeks or months, while others experience a more sudden onset. Because symptoms can overlap with other conditions, a proper assessment is important to reach an accurate diagnosis rather than relying on symptoms alone.

  • Is bernard-Soulier and Glanzmann serious or dangerous?

    Most cases of bernard-Soulier and Glanzmann are manageable, especially when identified and treated early, but severity varies from mild and self-limiting to more significant, depending on individual circumstances. Left unassessed, some cases can lead to complications or a longer-term impact on daily life. If you are worried about your symptoms, it is always worth getting them checked rather than waiting.

  • Is bernard-Soulier and Glanzmann hereditary or genetic?

    Some cases of bernard-Soulier and Glanzmann have a genetic component and can run in families, while others occur without any family history at all. Having a relative with the condition may modestly increase your own risk, but it does not mean you will definitely develop it yourself. If you are concerned about a family history, mention this to your doctor, as it may occasionally influence screening or monitoring.

  • Can bernard-Soulier and Glanzmann be cured, reversed or prevented?

    Outlook varies with bernard-Soulier and Glanzmann: some cases resolve completely with treatment, others improve significantly but need ongoing management, and a smaller number become a long-term condition to be controlled rather than cured. Prevention strategies, such as addressing modifiable risk factors, can reduce your chances of developing it or of it recurring, but cannot guarantee against it in every case.

  • How is bernard-Soulier and Glanzmann treated?

    Treatment for bernard-Soulier and Glanzmann is tailored to the individual and depends on severity, underlying cause and personal circumstances. Options can range from simple lifestyle measures, monitoring and conservative treatment through to medication, specialist procedures or surgery in more significant cases. A specialist assessment helps identify which combination of treatments is most appropriate for you.

  • How long does bernard-Soulier and Glanzmann last?

    The duration of bernard-Soulier and Glanzmann varies considerably: some people recover within days or weeks, while others live with a more persistent or recurring condition that needs ongoing management. Response to treatment, how early it is started, and individual factors all influence the timescale. Your clinician can give you a more personalised estimate once your specific circumstances are known.

  • When is surgery needed for bernard-Soulier and Glanzmann?

    Surgery is not usually the first option for bernard-Soulier and Glanzmann and is generally reserved for cases where conservative treatment has not worked, symptoms are severe, or there is a significant structural problem that needs to be corrected directly. The decision depends on your specific findings, symptoms and how they are affecting your life. A specialist consultation is the best way to establish whether surgery is being considered too early, or should be considered sooner rather than later.

  • When should I see a doctor about bernard-Soulier and Glanzmann, and how quickly can I be seen privately?

    It is worth seeing a doctor about bernard-Soulier and Glanzmann if symptoms are persistent, getting worse, or affecting your daily life, rather than waiting to see if they settle on their own. NHS routine referrals to a specialist can currently take anywhere from around 20 to 45 weeks or more depending on your area, whereas a private consultant can typically see you within about 2 weeks. Getting an earlier assessment can help clarify the diagnosis and start the right treatment sooner.