Benzoyl peroxide for acne: gels, washes and how to use them

Benzoyl peroxide is an antiseptic for acne. The NHS says it works by reducing the number of bacteria on the skin and improves symptoms such as spots and blocked pores, including blackheads and whiteheads. It is generally suitable for people aged 12 and over.

It is sold as a gel, which is applied and left to absorb, and as a gel wash, which is used to cleanse and then rinsed off. Acnecide is a common brand.

Use it once or twice a day, starting with the lowest strength and only moving up if a healthcare professional suggests it. Apply the gel to the affected skin, or lather the wash and rinse it off, following the pack instructions.

It should not be applied to broken skin, cuts or grazes, and it should not be used where there is a skin infection. Do not combine it with other acne treatments unless your doctor or pharmacist agrees, particularly those that cause skin irritation or dryness.

The NHS says benzoyl peroxide usually starts to work within 4 weeks. If your acne has not improved after 12 weeks, speak to a pharmacist, GP or other healthcare provider about other options.

Because some irritation is common early on, patience with a low strength is more useful than switching quickly to something stronger.

Common effects are hot, itchy or painful skin, redness, and dryness or peeling. They are the reason most people begin at the lowest strength.

A serious allergic reaction is rare. Signs are throat swelling, a rash and difficulty breathing, and they need emergency help.

• Call 999 for throat swelling, widespread rash or breathing difficulty.

• Ask a pharmacist or doctor if irritation does not settle.

• Report suspected side effects through the Yellow Card scheme.

Benzoyl peroxide may bleach clothing, fabrics and hair, so keep it away from pillowcases, towels and hairlines until it has dried. It also makes the skin more sensitive to sunlight. Use sunscreen and avoid sunbeds and sunlamps while you are using it.

It can usually be used during pregnancy, after checking with your doctor. It may be used while breastfeeding after professional advice; avoid applying it to the breasts.

The NHS says to avoid layering it with other acne products unless approved, especially those that dry or irritate skin.

Acne that is severe, scarring or not responding after 12 weeks may need a prescription treatment. Dermatology care for acne is covered in our condition guides, and prescription options such as isotretinoin are reserved for severe acne that has not improved with other prescription medicines.