Hearing & balance
Audiogram explained
The standard hearing test - what the chart of crosses and circles means, and what happens after.
Key facts
At a glance
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The test: wearing headphones in a soundproof booth, you press a button for the quietest tones you can hear across the pitch range.
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Two pathways: air conduction (headphones) and bone conduction (a small vibrator behind the ear) separate ear-canal and middle-ear problems from inner-ear ones.
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The chart: frequency runs left to right (low to high pitch), loudness top to bottom - the lower the line, the greater the loss.
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Patterns: high-frequency slopes suggest age- or noise-related loss; gaps between air and bone lines suggest treatable conductive causes.
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Follow-up: an audiologist or ENT specialist explains your pattern - one-sided or asymmetric losses warrant further investigation.
The full picture
What this test involves, and how to get it
A pure-tone audiogram maps the quietest sounds you can detect across the frequencies that matter for speech and daily life. In a soundproof booth, tones are played through headphones at descending volumes while you press a button at each faintest detection; the same is then done through a small bone vibrator behind the ear, which bypasses the ear canal and middle ear to test the inner ear directly. The resulting chart plots frequency left to right and hearing threshold top to bottom - right ear as circles, left as crosses - with normal adult hearing sitting in the top band. The relationship between the air and bone lines is the diagnostic heart of the test: when both are equally reduced, the loss is sensorineural (inner ear or nerve); when air lags behind bone, something conductive - wax, fluid, ossicle stiffening - is blocking sound, and conductive problems are often treatable.
Patterns tell stories: the gentle high-frequency slope of age-related loss, the characteristic 4kHz notch of noise damage, the low-frequency trough sometimes seen in Meniere’s disease. One finding always earns further attention - asymmetry, where one ear is meaningfully worse, which prompts an MRI to exclude rare but important causes. Audiograms are free through NHS audiology (GP referral) and widely available on the high street, though booth quality and follow-up depth vary; private audiology and ENT clinics offer comprehensive testing within days, packaged with tympanometry and a proper explanation of the chart - worth having, since the audiogram also anchors any hearing aid conversation that follows.
A quiet reminder
This guide is for information, not medical advice.
Your own clinician knows your history and can tell you which parts apply to you. Next review of this page: 2027-09-27.
Frequently asked
Common questions about Audiogram explained.
Quick, plain-English answers to what people ask us most.
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What is Audiogram explained and what does it show?
Audiogram explained is an imaging or diagnostic procedure that allows doctors to look at the relevant part of the body in detail, helping to identify or rule out specific problems. It gives information that usually can't be obtained from a physical examination or blood test alone. The findings are interpreted alongside your symptoms and medical history.
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Why might a doctor request it?
It's usually requested to investigate specific symptoms, follow up on a previous finding, or check on a known condition. It may also form part of a wider screening or health assessment package. Your doctor will explain what they're hoping to see or rule out before referring you.
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Do I need to prepare beforehand?
Preparation varies — some procedures require fasting, a full or empty bladder, stopping certain medications, or avoiding specific products beforehand, while others need no preparation at all. Because requirements are specific to this exact procedure, always follow the instructions given by the clinic at booking rather than assuming. Arriving properly prepared reduces the chance of the appointment needing to be rescheduled.
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What happens during the procedure?
You'll usually be guided through each step by trained staff, and most of these procedures are performed with you either lying still, seated, or in a specific position for a short period. Depending on the exact test, it may take anywhere from a few minutes to around an hour. Staff will explain what to expect and answer any questions before you begin.
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Is it painful, and are there any risks?
Many imaging procedures are painless or involve only mild, brief discomfort, though some more invasive tests may involve sedation or a small associated risk that will be explained beforehand. Serious complications are uncommon with modern techniques and experienced practitioners. You'll be given specific information about risks relevant to your particular procedure and health background before you consent.
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How long does it take to get results?
Results are typically reviewed by a specialist and reported within a few working days, though timeframes can vary depending on complexity. Some findings may be discussed with you immediately after the procedure, with a full written report to follow. The clinic will confirm the expected timeframe when you book.
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What happens if something abnormal is found?
If the results show something unexpected, a specialist will explain what it means and recommend appropriate next steps, which might include further imaging, a biopsy, or referral to a relevant specialist. Many abnormal findings turn out to be minor or unrelated to any symptoms once fully assessed. You'll be talked through the findings rather than left to interpret a report alone.
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Is this available on the NHS, or is private quicker?
This type of procedure is generally available on the NHS, but routine referrals can involve a wait for both the appointment and the results. Private providers typically offer appointments within days and results reviewed by a specialist soon after, which can be helpful if you want quicker reassurance or a second opinion. Cost for private testing varies by provider.
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How accurate is this type of test?
When performed by trained specialists on appropriate equipment, this is generally considered a reliable and clinically well-established investigation. As with any single test, results are best interpreted alongside your symptoms and other findings rather than in isolation. If a result is unclear or unexpected, further imaging or a repeat test may be recommended.
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How do I book Audiogram explained privately?
You can usually book directly with a private clinic, often without needing a GP referral, with appointments typically available within a matter of days. It's worth asking about preparation requirements and what the appointment will involve when you book. Contact the clinic for current availability and to discuss any specific concerns.