What it is
Medically supervised exercise, breathing training and education
Pulmonary rehabilitation is a structured, multidisciplinary programme combining individually prescribed exercise, breathing technique training, inspiratory muscle work and self-management education for adults living with chronic lung disease. It is delivered in a hospital or clinic gym under the supervision of a specialist respiratory physiotherapist, with consultant respiratory oversight throughout.
NICE guidance and the British Thoracic Society (BTS) recommend pulmonary rehab for anyone with symptomatic COPD and an MRC dyspnoea score of 3 or higher (breathless walking on the flat), interstitial lung disease, bronchiectasis, symptomatic asthma with fixed airflow obstruction, patients recovering from lung cancer resection or lung transplant, and adults with persistent post-COVID breathlessness.
Evidence
The strongest non-drug intervention in chronic lung disease
Cochrane systematic reviews of pulmonary rehab in COPD and ILD consistently show clinically meaningful improvements: six-minute walk distance rises by roughly 48 metres, Borg dyspnoea scores drop by around one point on exertion, Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) quality of life scores improve by about six points, and hospital admissions and length of stay for exacerbations fall. Benefits are seen across all severity grades, and gains persist for six to 12 months when patients continue a home maintenance plan.
Who benefits
Suitable candidates
- COPD with MRC dyspnoea 3 or higher, or after any hospitalised exacerbation.
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and other interstitial lung disease.
- Bronchiectasis, including adults with cystic fibrosis.
- Asthma with fixed airflow obstruction and persistent exertional breathlessness.
- Recovery after lung cancer resection (lobectomy, segmentectomy, pneumonectomy).
- Post-lung transplant rehabilitation.
- Persistent post-COVID lung disease with breathlessness or reduced exercise tolerance.
The programme
From baseline testing to a titrated exercise prescription
- Consultant respiratory assessment, spirometry, and either a six-minute walk test or a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPEX).
- Baseline Borg dyspnoea score, HADS anxiety and depression score, CRQ or CAT quality of life score.
- Six to eight weeks of supervised sessions, twice weekly, 90 minutes each.
- Individually prescribed aerobic training (treadmill, cycle ergometer, walking circuits), progressive resistance training and inspiratory muscle training.
- Structured weekly education (see below), delivered by a multidisciplinary team.
- Written home exercise plan for the days between sessions.
- End-of-programme repeat walk test, spirometry and outcome scores, plus a maintenance plan.
Education topics
Self-management, session by session
- Medication use and inhaler technique review.
- Breathing techniques: pursed lip breathing, paced breathing, active cycle of breathing.
- Energy conservation and activity pacing for daily tasks.
- Recognising and managing exacerbations, with a written action plan.
- Nutrition, weight optimisation and sarcopenia prevention.
- Smoking cessation support.
- Long-term and ambulatory oxygen therapy, if indicated.
Cost in London
Typical private fees
Full six to eight-week supervised programme, including baseline testing, 12 to 16 supervised sessions, education blocks and end-of-programme retesting: £2,400 to £4,500.
Follow-up review or one-off maintenance session with a respiratory physiotherapist: £120 to £220.
Baseline cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPEX) if not already available: typically £450 to £750, sometimes bundled into the programme quote.
Where it is offered
Recognised London pulmonary rehabilitation services
- Royal Brompton Hospital Pulmonary Rehabilitation (private).
- HCA The Wellington Hospital, respiratory rehabilitation service.
- Cromwell Hospital (Bupa Cromwell), respiratory medicine.
- London Chest Hospital private respiratory service (Barts Health).
- One Welbeck Respiratory, Harley Street.
Related
Related pathways
- Cardiac rehabilitation programmeConsultant-led rehab after MI, PCI, CABG, valve surgery or heart failure.
- Long COVID rehab clinicPaced multidisciplinary rehab for persistent post-COVID symptoms.
- Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPEX)Objective baseline for safe exercise prescription.
- OesophagectomyPrehab and postoperative respiratory rehabilitation.
- AsthmaCondition guide covering diagnosis and long-term management.
- Sleep apnoeaRelated sleep-disordered breathing condition guide.